CCNA 2 Chapter 4 2011 V4.0 Answers 100%

CCNA 2 Chapter 4 2011 V4.0 Answers 100%
1.




What actions will occur after RouterA loses connectivity to network 114.125.16.0? (Choose two.)
RouterB will include network 123.92.76.0 and 136.125.85.0 in its update to RouterA.
During the next update interval, RouterB will send a RIP update out both ports that includes the inaccessible network.
During the next update interval, RouterC will send an update to RouterB stating that network 114.125.16.0 is accessible in 2 hops.
Router C will learn of the loss of connectivity to network 114.125.16.0 from RouterB.
RouterB will include network 123.92.76.0 and 136.125.85.0 in its update to RouterC.
2. What does a router running RIP do first with a new route that is received from an advertisement?
places it immediately in the routing table
adjusts the metric for the new route to show the added distance for the route
advertises this route out all other interfaces except the one that it came in on
sends a ping packet to verify that the path is a feasible route

3.




Refer to the exhibit. If all routers are using RIP, how many rounds of updates will occur before all routers know all networks?
1
2
3
4
5
6
4. Which of the following methods does split horizon use to reduce incorrect routing information?
Routing updates are split in half to reduce the update time.
Information learned from one source is not distributed back to that source.
New route information must be learned from multiple sources to be accepted.
The time between updates is split in half to speed convergence.
New route information is suppressed until the system has converged.
5.




Refer to the exhibit. The routers in this network are running RIP. Router A has not received an update from Router B in over three minutes. How will Router A respond?
The Holddown timer will wait to remove the route from the table for 60 seconds.
The Invalid timer will mark the route as unusable if an update has not been received in 180 seconds.
The Update timer will request an update for routes that were learned from Router B.
The Hello timer will expire after 10 seconds and the route will be flushed out of the routing table.
6.




The graphic shows a network that is configured to use RIP routing protocol. Router2 detects that the link to Router1 has gone down. It then advertises the network for this link with a hop count metric of 16. Which routing loop prevention mechanism is in effect?
split horizon
error condition
hold-down timer
route poisoning
count to infinity
7. Which two statements describe EIGRP? (Choose two.)
EIGRP can be used with Cisco and non-Cisco routers.
EIGRP sends triggered updates whenever there is a change in topology that influences the routing information.
EIGRP has an infinite metric of 16.
EIGRP sends a partial routing table update, which includes just routes that have been changed.
EIGRP broadcasts its updates to all routers in the network.
8. Which event will cause a triggered update?
an update routing timer expires
a corrupt update message is received
a route is installed in the routing table
the network is converged
9. Which of the following statements are correct about RIP?
uses a broadcast to update all other routers in the network every 60 seconds
uses a multicast address to update other routers every 90 seconds
will send out an update if there is a failure of a link
updates only contain information about routes that have changed since last update
10. Which two statements are true regarding the function of the RIPv1 routing updates? (Choose two).
updates are broadcast only when there are changes to the topology
updates are broadcast at regular intervals
broadcast are sent to 0.0.0.0
broadcasts are sent to 255.255.255.255
updates contain the entire network topology
only changes are included in the updates
11. A network administrator is evaluating RIP versus EIGRP for a new network. The network will be sensitive to congestion and must respond quickly to topology changes. What are two good reasons to choose EIGRP instead of RIP in this case? (Choose two.)
EIGRP uses periodic updates.
EIGRP only updates affected neighbors.
EIGRP uses broadcast updates.
EIGRP updates are partial.
EIGRP uses the efficient Bellman-Ford algorithm.
12. Which two conditions are most likely to cause a routing loop? (Choose two.)
random jitter
implementation of classful addressing
inconsistent routing tables
incorrectly configured static routes
a network converging too quickly
13. What metric does the RIP routing protocol consider to be infinity?
0
15
16
224
255
14. What does the RIP holddown timer do?
ensures an invalid route has a metric of 15
prevents a router from sending any updates after it has introduced a routing loop into the network
ensures every new route is valid before sending an update
instructs routers to ignore updates, for a specified time or event, about possible inaccessible routes
15.


Refer to the exhibit. What path will packets from the 192.168.1.0/24 network travel to reach the 10.0.0.0/8 network if RIP is the active routing protocol?
The path will be router A -> router B -> router C -> router E.
The path will be router A -> router D -> router E
Router A will load balance between the router A -> router D -> router E and router A -> router B -> router C -> router E path
Packets will alternate paths depending on the order they arrive at router A.
16. Three routers running a distance-vector routing protocol lost all power, including the battery backups. When the routers reload, what will happen?
They will share all routes saved in NVRAM prior to the power loss with their directly connected neighbors.
They will multicast hello packets to all other routers in the network to establish neighbor adjacencie
They will send updates that include only directly connected routes to their directly connected neighbor
They will broadcast their full routing table to all routers in the networ
17. What is a routing loop?
a packet bouncing back and forth between two loopback interfaces on a route
a condition where a return path from a destination is different from the outbound path forming a “loop”
a condition where a packet is constantly transmitted within a series of routers without ever reaching its intended destination
the distribution of routes from one routing protocol into another
18. Which statement is true regarding cisco’s RIP_JITTER variable?
It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by buffering the updates as they leave the router interface
It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by subtracting a random length of time ranging from 0% to 15% of the specified interval time from the next routing update
It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by causing the router to skip every other scheduled update time
It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by forcing the router to listen when its time for other updates on the lines before sending it
19. Which three routing protocols are distance vector routing protocols? (Choose three).
RIPv1
EIGRP
OSPF
IS-IS
RIPv2
20. Which of the following can exist in a distance vector network that has not converged? (Choose three).
routing loops
inconsistent traffic forwarding
no traffic forwarding until system converges
inconsistent routing table entries
routing table updates sent to wrong destinations
21. What is the purpose of the TTL field in the IP header?
used to mark routes as unreachable in updates sent to other routers
prevents regular update messages from reinstating a route that may have gone bad
prevents a router from advertising a network through the interface from which the update came
limits the time or hops that a packet can traverse through the network before it should be discarded
defines a maximum metric value for each distance vector routing protocol by setting a maximum hop count

CCNA 2 Chapter 3 2011 V4.0 Answers 100%

CNA 2 Chapter 3 2011 V4.0 Answers 100%
1. Which two statements correctly describe the concepts of administrative distance and metric? (Choose two.)
Administrative distance refers to the trustworthiness of a particular route.
A router first installs routes with higher administrative distances.
The value of the administrative distance can not be altered by the network administrator.
Routes with the smallest metric to a destination indicate the best path.
The metric is always determined based on hop count.
The metric varies depending which Layer 3 protocol is being routed, such as IP or IPX.
2.

Refer to the exhibit. Which statement correctly describes how R1 will determine the best path to R2?
R1 will install a RIP route using network A in its routing table because the administrative distance of RIP is higher than EIGRP.
R1 will install a RIP route using network A in its routing table because the path cost from RIP is lower than EIGRP.
R1 will install an EIGRP route using network B in its routing table because the administrative distance of EIGRP is lower than RIP.
R1 will install an EIGRP route using network B in its routing table because the path cost from EIGRP is lower than RIP.
R1 will install an EIGRP route and a RIP route in its routing table and load balance between them.

3. Which two statements are true regarding classless routing protocols? (Choose two.)
* sends subnet mask information in routing updates
sends complete routing table update to all neighbors
is supported by RIP version 1
* allows for use of both 192.168.1.0/30 and 192.168.1.16/28 subnets in the same topology
reduces the amount of address space available in an organization
4. Which command would the network administrator issue to determine if load balancing is in effect on a router?
show ip protocols
show ip route
show ip interface brief
show ip interface
5. Which statement is true regarding routing protocols?
RIP uses hop count and bandwidth as the metric for path selection and sendsupdates periodically.
OSPF is a Cisco proprietary protocol that sends updates triggered by topology changes.
EIGRP uses DUAL to calculate the shortest path and can be configured to do unequal cost load balancing.
BGP is a path vector interior routing protocol.
6. Which two conditions would create a setting where the use of a distance-vector routing protocol would be efficient? (Choose two.)
the network requires a special hierarchical design
fast convergence of the network is crucial
the network is using a hub and spoke topology
the network is using a flat design
there are more than 15 hops between the most distant routers
7. What is the purpose of a routing protocol?
It is used to build and maintain ARP tables.
It provides a method for segmenting and reassembling data packets.
It allows an administrator to devise an addressing scheme for the network.
It allows a router to share information about known networks with other routers.
It provides a procedure for encoding and decoding data into bits for packet forwarding.
8. Which of the following best describes the operation of distance vector routing protocols?
They use hop count as their only metric.
They only send out updates when a new network is added.
They send their routing tables to directly connected neighbors.
They flood the entire network with routing updates.
9. Which of the following is associated with link-state routing protocols?
low processor overhead
poison reverse
routing loops
split horizon
shortest-path first calculations
10. Why is fast convergence desirable in networks that use dynamic routing protocols?
Routers will not allow packets to be forwarded until the network has converged.
Hosts are unable to access their gateway until the network has converged.
Routers may make incorrect forwarding decisions until the network has converged.
Routers will not allow configuration changes to be made until the network has converged.
11. Which of the following conditions must be met in order for a network to have converged?
The routers in the network are operating with dynamic routing protocols.
The routers in the network are operating with compatible versions of IOS.
The routers in the network are operating with the same routing tables.
The routers in the network are operating with consistent routing knowledge.
12. Which two statements are true regarding metrics? (Choose two.)
RIP uses bandwidth as a metric.
OSPF uses delay as a metric.
EIGRP uses bandwidth as a metric.
OSPF uses cost based on bandwidth as a metric.
RIP uses delay as a metric.
EIGRP uses hop count only as a metric.
13. Which two statements are true regarding the advantages of the use of static routes? (Choose two).
increased security
reduced effort in configuring routes
the administrator maintains control over routing
easier to implement in a growing network
reduces the chance of routing errors
increased router resource usage
14. The following line of code is displayed in a routing table:
R 209.165.201.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.252.2, 00:00:16, S0/0/0
What can be concluded from this output?
A packet destined for host 192.168.252.2 will be forwarded out the interface connected to network 209.165.201.0/24.
The value, 120, is used to determine the best path when a router has more than one routing protocol configured for the same destination network.
This route was manually configured using the ip route command.
192.168.252.2 is an interface on the router that produced this output.
15. What will be the result of the following commands?
ORL(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0 ORL(config-if)# ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0 ORL(config-if)# no shutdown
The 172.16.3.0 network will be routed by any dynamic routing protocol automatically.
A routing table entry is made to the 172.16.3.0 network with a code of “C”.
A static route is required to route traffic to the 172.16.3.0 network.
The commands will be saved to the startup-configuration.
16. An engineer creates a static route by entering the Router(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 command. What can be concluded about this route?
The administrative distance of this route is 1.
192.168.1.2 is the address of an interface on this router.
This route will display as a directly connected network in the routing table.
Packets with a destination IP address of 192.168.1.2 will be forwarded to the 10.0.0.0/24 network first.
17.




Refer to the exhibit. Router1 and Router2 are running EIGRP. All interfaces are operational and packets can be forwarded between all networks. What information will be found in the routing table for Router1?
Router1 will have 6 directly connected networks.
The administrative distance of the route to network 172.16.0.0 will be 90.
The metric for routes to 172.16.0.0 will be 1.
The interface that is used to forward packets to 172.16.0.0 will always be the S0/1 interface.
18. The following line of code is present in the routing table:
O 10.16.1.0/27 [110/129] via 192.168.1.5, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/1
What does the number 129 indicate in this output?
The cost for this link has a value of 129.
The clock rate on this serial interface is set to 129,000.
The next-hop router is 129 hops away from this router.
This route has been updated 129 times in this routing table.
19. A growing medium-sized manufacturing company recently began to have routing instability issues. The company uses static routes and has a mixture of over 30 Cisco and non-Cisco routers. The network administrator has decided to convert the network to dynamic routing. What characteristics of protocols should be considered in this selection process?
Distance vector routing protocols, such as RIP, converge more quickly than do link-state routing protocols.
EIGRP can be used on all of the routers in the company.
OSPF can be used between the routers.
An exterior routing protocol, such as BGP, is recommended for growing companies.
20.







Refer to the exhibit. If RIP is the routing protocol, what is the value of the metric from router A to network 192.168.5.0/24?
3
4
56
624
724
21. A router learns two paths with equal metrics to a destination network via the RIP routing protocol. How will the router handle packets to the destination network?
The router will install the first route it learned into the routing table.
The router will install both routes in the routing table and load balance between the two.
The router will put the first route in the routing table, and denote the second route as a backup route.
The router will pick the path with the higher bandwidth and will place it in the routing table.
22. When multiple routing protocols have a route to the same destination network, what determines which route is installed in the routing table?
best metric
lowest hop count
greatest available bandwidth
lowest administrative distance
lowest cost

CCNA 2 Chapter 2 2011 V4.0 Answers 100%

CCNA 2 Chapter 2 2011 V4.0 Answers 100%
1. A static route that points to the next hop IP will have what administrative distance and metric in the routing table?
administrative distance of 0 and metric of 0
administrative distance of 0 and metric of 1
administrative distance of 1 and metric of 0
administrative distance of 1 and metric of 1
2. What address can be used to summarize networks 172.16.1.0/24, 172.16.2.0/24, 172.16.3.0/24, and 172.16.4.0/24?
172.16.0.0/21
172.16.1.0/22
172.16.0.0 255.255.255.248
172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0

3.
The routers in the diagram use the subnet assignments shown. What is the most efficient route summary that can be configured on Router3 to advertise the internal networks to the cloud?
192.1.1.0/26 and 192.1.1.64/27
192.1.1.128/25
192.1.1.0/23 and 192.1.1.64/23
192.1.1.0/24
192.1.1.0/25
192.1.1.0/24 and 192.1.1.64/24
4.

Refer to the exhibit. What is the significance of the /8 in the route to the 10.0.0.0 network?
It indicates that there are 8 hops between this router and the 10.0.0.0 network.
It represents the time, in milliseconds, it takes for a ping to reply when sent to the 10.0.0.0 network.
It indicates that there are 8 subnets in the destination network to which the router can forward packets.
It indicates the number of consecutive bits, from the left, in the destination IP address of a packet that must match 10.0.0.0 to use that route.
5.

Refer to the exhibit. How will packets destined to the 172.16.0.0 network be forwarded?
Router1 will perform recursive lookup and packet will exit S0/0.
Router1 will perform recursive lookup and packet will exit S0/1.
There is no matching interface associated with network 172.16.0.0 so packets will be dropped.
There is no matching interface associated with network 172.16.0.0 so packets will take gateway of last resort and exit out S0/2.
6. A network administrator enters the following command into Router1: ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 S0/1/0. Router1 then receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.0.22/24. After finding the recently configured static route in the routing table, what does Router1 do next to process the packet?
drops the packet because the destination host is not listed in the routing table
looks up the MAC address of the S0/1/0 interface to determine the destination MAC address of the new frame
performs a recursive lookup for the IP address of the S0/1/0 interface before forwarding the packet
encapsulates the packet into a frame for the WAN link and forwards the packet out the S0/1/0 interface
7.

Refer to the exhibit. Given the output in the exhibit, how would a clock rate be determined for this link?
The rate would be negotiated by both routers.
A rate would not be selected due to the DCE/DTE connection mismatch.
The rate configured on the DTE determines the clock rate.
The rate configured on the DCE determines the clock rate.
8.

Refer to the exhibit. Which set of commands will configure static routes that will allow the WinterPark and the Altamonte routers to deliver packets from each LAN and direct all other traffic to the Internet?
WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1 Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2 Altamonte(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1 Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2 Altamonte(config)# ip route 198.18.222.0 255.255.255.255 s0/1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 172.191.67.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.1 WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1 Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
WinterPark(config)# ip route 172.191.67.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.1 Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2 Altamonte(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0
9. Hosts on two separate subnets cannot communicate. The network administrator suspects a missing route in one of the routing tables. Which three commands can be used to help troubleshoot Layer 3 connectivity issues? (Choose three.)
ping
show arp
traceroute
show ip route
show interface
show cdp neighbor detail
10.

Refer to the exhibit. A company network engineer is assigned to establish connectivity between the two Ethernet networks so that hosts on the 10.1.1.0/24 subnet can contact hosts on the 10.1.2.0/24 subnet. The engineer has been told to use only static routing for these company routers. Which set of commands will establish connectivity between the two Ethernet networks?
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1 R2(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2 R2(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2 R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1 R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.2.1 R2(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1
11. Which of the following are displayed by the Router# show cdp neighbors command? (Choose three.)
load
platform
reliability
holdtime
local interface
12.

Refer to the exhibit. What two commands are required to provide connectivity between the 192.168.1.0 and 10.0.0.0 networks without requiring recursive lookup? (Choose two.)
A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/1/0
A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A (config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/0/0
B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s 0/0/0
B (config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1
B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s 0/1/0

13.


Refer to the exhibit. What two commands will change the next-hop address for the 10.0.0.0/8 network from 172.16.40.2 to 192.168.1.2? (Choose two.)
A(config)# no network 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A(config)# no ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A(config)# no ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s0/0/0
A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.2
14. What happens to a static route entry in a routing table when the outgoing interface is not available?
The route is removed from the table.
The router polls neighbors for a replacement route.
The route remains in the table because it was defined as static.
The router redirects the static route to compensate for the loss of the next hop device.
15. A router has one static route to each destination network. Which two scenarios would require an administrator to alter the static routes that are configured on that router? (Choose two.)
The destination network no longer exists.
The destination network is moved to a different interface on the same router.
The path between the source and destination is upgraded with a higher bandwidth link.
A topology change occurs where the existing next-hop address or exit interface is not accessible.
The remote destination network interface has to be down for 15 minutes of maintenance.
16. Why is it advisable to enter a next-hop IP address when creating a static route whose exit interface is an Ethernet network?
Adding the next-hop address eliminates the need for the router to do any lookups in the routing table before forwarding a packet.
In a multi-access network, the router cannot determine the next-hop MAC address for the Ethernet frame without a next-hop address.
Using a next-hop address in a static route provides a route with a lower metric.
In multi-access networks, using a next-hop address in a static route makes that route a candidate default route.
17. The output of the Router# show interfaces serial 0/1 command displays the following:
Serial0/1 is up, line protocol is down.
What is the most likely cause for the line protocol being down?
Serial0/1 is shutdown.
There is no cable connecting the routers.
The remote router is using serial 0/0.
No clock rate has been set.
18.




Refer to the exhibit. Which static route should be configured on Router1 so that host A will be able to reach host B on the 172.16.0.0 network?
ip route 192.168.0.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.1
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/1
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/0
19. What two devices are responsible for converting the data from the WAN service provider into a form acceptable by the router? (Choose two).
the serial port of the router
a modem
a switch
the ethernet port of the router
a CSU/DSU device
a DTE device
20.
Which of the following is true regarding CDP and the graphic shown?
CDP running on Router D will gather information about routers A, B, C, and E.
By default, Router A will receive CDP advertisements from routers B and C.
If routers D and E are running different routing protocols, they will not exchange CDP information.
Router E can use CDP to identify the IOS running on Router B.
21. Which two statements describe functions or characteristics of CDP? (Choose two.)
It starts up automatically and allows the device to detect directly connected neighbor devices that use CDP.
It operates at the network layer and allows two systems to learn about each other.
It creates a topology map of the entire network.
It allows systems to learn about each other even if different network layer protocols are configured.
It forwards advertisements about routes for faster convergence.
22. Which piece of information is available from examining the output of the command show ip interface brief?
Interface speed and duplex
Interface MTU
Errors
Interface MAC address
Interface IP address

CCNA 2 Chapter 1 2011 V4.0 Answers 100%

CCNA 2 Chapter 1 2011 V4.0 Answers 100%
1. If a router cannot find a valid configuration file during the startup sequence, what will occur?
The startup sequence will reset.
The router will prompt the user for a response to enter setup mode.
The startup sequence will halt until a valid configuration file is acquired.
The router will generate a default configuration file based on the last valid configuration.
The router will monitor local traffic to determine routing protocol configuration requirements.
2.

Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has configured the router with the interface IP addresses shown for the directly connected networks. Pings from the router to hosts on the connected networks or pings between router interfaces are not working. What is the most likely problem?
The destination networks do not exist.
The IP addresses on the router interfaces must be configured as network addresses and not host addresses.
The interfaces must be enabled with the no shutdown command.
Each interface must be configured with the clock rate command.

3.

Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the routing table output in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
This router only has two interfaces.
The router interfaces are not operational yet.
This router is configured to forward packets to remote networks.
The FastEthernet0/0 and Serial0/0/0 interfaces of this router were configured with an IP address and the no shutdown command.
An IP packet received by this router with a destination address of 198.18.9.1 will be forwarded out of the Serial0/0/0 interface.
4.
Refer to the exhibit. The frame shown in the exhibit was received by the router. The router interfaces are operational. How will the router process this frame? (Choose two.)
The router will change the source and destination IP address in the packet before forwarding the frame.
The router will change the frame type to one supported by the WAN link before forwarding the frame.
The router will use the destination MAC address to determine which interface to forward the packet.
The router will look up the MAC address of the S0/0/0 interface in the ARP table and add it to the frame before forwarding.
The frame was received on the Fa0/0 interface of the router and will be switched to the S0/0/0 interface.
The frame was received on the S0/0/0 interface of the router and will be switched to the Fa0/0 interface.
5. Passwords can be used to restrict access to all or parts of the Cisco IOS. Select the modes and interfaces that can be protected with passwords. (Choose three.)
VTY interface
console interface
Ethernet interface
secret EXEC mode
privileged EXEC mode
router configuration mode
6. Which two statements correctly describe the components of a router? (Choose two.)
RAM permanently stores the configuration file used during the boot sequence.
ROM contains diagnostics executed on hardware modules.
NVRAM stores a backup copy of the IOS used during the boot sequence.
Flash memory does not lose its contents during a reboot.
ROM contains the most current and most complete version of the IOS.
Flash contains boot system commands to identify the location of the IOS
7.

Refer to the exhibit. After host 2 is connected to the switch on the LAN, host 2 is unable to communicate with host 1. What is the cause of this problem?
The subnet mask of host 2 is incorrect.
Host 1 and host 2 are on different networks.
The switch needs an IP address that is not configured.
The router LAN interface and host 1 are on different networks.
The IP address of host 1 is on a different network than is the LAN interface of the router.
8. Which are functions of a router? (Choose three.)
packet switching
extension of network segments
segmentation of broadcast domains
selection of best path based on logical addressing
election of best path based on physical addressing
9.

Refer to the exhibit. All routers have a route in its routing table to each network that is shown in the exhibit. Default routes have not been issued on these routers. What can be concluded about how packets are forwarded in this network? (Choose two.)
If RouterC receives a packet that is destined for 10.5.1.1, it will be forwarded out interface Fa0/0.
If RouterA receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.3.146, it will be forwarded out interface S0/0/1.
If RouterB receives a packet that is destined for 10.5.27.15, it will be forwarded out interface S0/0/1.
If RouterB receives a packet that is destined for 172.20.255.1, it will be forwarded out interface S0/0/0.
If RouterC receives a packet that is destined for 192.16.5.101, it will be forwarded out interface S0/0/1.
10.

The serial connection shown in the graphic needs to be configured. Which configuration commands must be made on the Sydney router to establish connectivity with the Melbourne site? (Choose three.)
Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.2 255.255.255.0
Sydney(config-if)# no shutdown
Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.1 255.255.255.224
Sydney(config-if)# clock rate 56000
Sydney(config-if)# ip host Melbourne 201.100.53.2
11.

Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the output of the running-configuration of a router?
The passwords are encrypted.
The current configuration was saved to NVRAM.
The configuration that is shown will be the one used on the next reboot.
The commands that are displayed determine the current operation of the router.
12.

Refer to the exhibit. Host A pings host B. When R4 accepts the ping into the Ethernet interface, what two pieces of header information are included? (Choose two.)
source IP address: 192.168.10.129
source IP address: BBBB.3333.5677
destination IP address: 192.168.10.33
destination IP address: 192.168.10.134
destination MAC address: 9999.DADC.1234
13. What is the outcome of entering these commands?
R1(config)# line vty 0 4 R1(config-line)# password check123
R1(config-line)# login
ensures that a password is entered before entering user EXEC mode
sets the password to be used for connecting to this router via Telnet
requires check123 to be entered before the configuration can be saved
creates a local user account for logging in to a router or switch
14. Which of the following is the correct flow of routines for a router startup?
load bootstrap, load IOS, apply configuration
load bootstrap, apply configuration, load IOS
load IOS, load bootstrap, apply configuration, check hardware
check hardware, apply configuration, load bootstrap, load IOS
15. What three processes does a router execute when it receives a packet from one network that is destined for another network? (Choose three.)
decapsulates the Layer 3 packet by stripping off the Layer 2 frame header
uses the destination MAC Address in the IP Header to look up the next-hop address in the routing table
leaves the Layer 2 frame header intact when decapsulating the Layer 3 packet
uses the destination IP Address in the IP header to look up the next-hop address in the routing table
encapsulates the Layer 3 packet into the new Layer 2 frame and forwards it out the exit interface
encapsulates the Layer 3 packet into a special Layer 1 frame and forwards it to the exit interface
16. The network administrator needs to connect two routers directly via their FastEthernet ports. What cable should the network administrator use?
straight-through
rollover
cross-over
serial
17. Which two statements describe characteristics of load balancing? (Choose two.)
Load balancing occurs when a router sends the same packet to different destination networks.
Load balancing occurs when a router sends the same packet to different destination networks.
Load balancing allows a router to forward packets over multiple paths to the same destination network.
Unequal cost load balancing is supported by EIGRP.
If multiple paths with different metrics to a destinations exist, the router cannot support load balancing.
18. What information about the router and its startup process can be gathered from the output of the show version command? (Choose three.)
the last restart method
the command buffer contents
the amount of NVRAM and FLASH used
the configuration register settings
the location from where the IOS loaded
19.

Which interfaces in the exhibit could be used for a leased line WAN connection? (Choose two.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
20. From what location can a router load the Cisco IOS during the boot process? (Choose two.)
RAM
TFTP server
NVRAM
setup routine
Flash memory
terminal
21. A network administrator has just entered new configurations into Router1. Which command should be executed to save configuration changes to NVRAM?
Router1# copy running-config flash
Router1(config)# copy running-config flash
Router1# copy running-config startup-config
Router1(config)# copy running-config startup-config
Router1# copy startup-config running-config
Router1(config)# copy startup-config running-config
22. What is the default sequence for loading the configuration file?
NVRAM, FLASH, ROM
FLASH, TFTP,CONSOLE
NVRAM, TFTP, CONSOLE
FLASH, TFTP, ROM
23. What header address information does a router change in the information it receives from an attached Ethernet interface before information is transmitted out another interface?
only the Layer 2 source address
only the Layer 2 destination address
only the Layer 3 source address
only the Layer 3 destination address
the Layer 2 source and destination address
the Layer 3 source and destination address

Penegrtian JFrame

JFrame merupakan salah satu dari komponen GUI (Graphical User Interface), yang bertujuan agar pengguna dengan mudah menjalankan atau mengoprasikan sebuah aplikasi komputer. Sebagai langkah awal membuat program berbasis GUI kita mencoba membuat Frame.
Frame merupakan komponen dasar dalam membuat sebuah aplikasi yang berbasis GUI. Frame berfungsi sebagai kontainer atau sebagai wadah penampung komponen GUI lainnya, seperti : Button, Table, Label, ComboBox, dll.
Untuk membuat frame, kita memerlukan sebuah java Class yang bernama JFrame yang berada dalam package javax.swing. kali ini saya akan membahas komponen-komponen yang masuk dalam pembuatan java Class JFrame.
Pertama saya akan menjelaskan tentang :

1. import javax.swing.*; 
    Digunakan untuk memanggil Package Swing agar program yang kita buat dapat menggunakan komponen-komponen yang berada di dalam package tsb. Salah satunya komponen JFrame tersimpan di dalam Package tersebut.
2. public class tampilFrame ..{ }
   tampilFrame merupakan nama Class yang dibuat pada program tsb. Dimana Class tampilFrame mempunyai batasan akses yang bersifat public dehingga dapat diakses siapa saja. Aturan dalam memberi nama Class utama, yaitu : nama Class harus sama dengan nama file program.
3. public tampilFrame () {..}
   Pada program terdapat sebuah konstruktor, yaitu sebuah bagian program yang berfungsi untuk memberikan nilai atau status awal pada saat program dijalankan. Aturan dalam pemberian nama konstruktor yaitu : nama konstruktor harus sama dengan nama Class utama program, atau nama file program.
4. extends JFrame
   Dengan mengetik extends JFrame pada program, berarti anda menggunakan Class JFrame, yaitu sebuah Class yang terdapat di dalam Package Swing yang digunakan sebagai pencipta sebuah objek frame.
5. super ()
   Method super() digunakan untuk memberikan judul pada frame.
6. setSize (panjang, tinggi)
    Method ini digunakan untuk menetapkan ukuran panjang dan tinggi frame, seperti contoh : setSize (500,300); yang artinya frme mempunyai panjang 500, dan tinggi 300. 
7. setDefaultCloseOperation (EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    Method ini digunakan untuk menutup frame dan keluar dari program ketika mengklik tombol close yang terdapat pada frame. Jika baris program tersebut dihilangkan, frame yang tampil tidak dapat ditutup dan program akan terus berjalan.


Sekian penjelasan tentang JFrame

Semoga Bermanfaat

CARA & TIPS MERAKIT KOMPUTER

MERAKIT SEBUAH KOMPUTER DENGAN LEBIH PRAKTIS

Langkah Demi Langkah Merakit Komputer

Berikut ini akan dibahas mengenai bagaimana cara merakit komputer, terutama bagi mereka yang baru belajar .. dari beberapa referensi yang saya pelajari .. maka berikut ini akan dijelaskan langkah demi langkah cara merakit komputer, mudah-mudahan bermanfaat ya
..

Komponen perakit komputer tersedia di pasaran dengan beragam pilihan kualitas dan harga. Dengan merakit sendiri komputer, kita dapat menentukan jenis komponen, kemampuan serta fasilitas dari komputer sesuai kebutuhan.Tahapan dalam perakitan komputer terdiri dari:

A. Persiapan
B. Perakitan
C. Pengujian
D. Penanganan Masalah

Persiapan

Persiapan yang baik akan memudahkan dalam perakitan komputer serta menghindari permasalahan yang mungkin timbul.Hal yang terkait dalam persiapan meliputi:

1. Penentuan Konfigurasi Komputer
2. Persiapan Kompunen dan perlengkapan
3. Pengamanan

Penentuan Konfigurasi Komputer

Konfigurasi komputer berkait dengan penentuan jenis komponen dan fitur dari komputer serta bagaimana seluruh komponen dapat bekerja sebagai sebuah sistem komputer sesuai keinginan kita.Penentuan komponen dimulai dari jenis prosessor, motherboard, lalu komponen lainnya. Faktor kesesuaian atau kompatibilitas dari komponen terhadap motherboard harus diperhatikan, karena setiap jenis motherboard mendukung jenis prosessor, modul memori, port dan I/O bus yang berbeda-beda.

Persiapan Komponen dan Perlengkapan

Komponen komputer beserta perlengkapan untuk perakitan dipersiapkan untuk perakitan dipersiapkan lebih dulu untuk memudahkan perakitan. Perlengkapan yang disiapkan terdiri dari:

* Komponen komputer
* Kelengkapan komponen seperti kabel, sekerup, jumper, baut dan sebagainya
* Buku manual dan referensi dari komponen
* Alat bantu berupa obeng pipih dan philips

Software sistem operasi, device driver dan program aplikasi.

Buku manual diperlukan sebagai rujukan untuk mengatahui diagram posisi dari elemen koneksi (konektor, port dan slot) dan elemen konfigurasi (jumper dan switch) beserta cara setting jumper dan switch yang sesuai untuk komputer yang dirakit.Diskette atau CD Software diperlukan untuk menginstall Sistem Operasi, device driver dari piranti, dan program aplikasi pada komputer yang selesai dirakit.

Pengamanan

Tindakan pengamanan diperlukan untuk menghindari masalah seperti kerusakan komponen oleh muatan listrik statis, jatuh, panas berlebihan atau tumpahan cairan.Pencegahan kerusakan karena listrik statis dengan cara:

* Menggunakan gelang anti statis atau menyentuh permukaan logam pada casing sebelum memegang komponen untuk membuang muatan statis.
* Tidak menyentuh langsung komponen elektronik, konektor atau jalur rangkaian tetapi memegang pada badan logam atau plastik yang terdapat pada komponen.

BERIKUT ADALAH  LANGKAH-LANGKAHNYA :

Perakitan

Tahapan proses pada perakitan komputer terdiri dari:

1. Penyiapan motherboard
2. Memasang Prosessor
3. Memasang heatsink
4. Memasang Modul Memori
5. memasang Motherboard pada Casing
6. Memasang Power Supply
7. Memasang Kabel Motherboard dan Casing
8. Memasang Drive
9. Memasang card Adapter
10. Penyelesaian Akhir

1. Penyiapan motherboard

Periksa buku manual motherboard untuk mengetahui posisi jumper untuk pengaturan CPU speed, speed multiplier dan tegangan masukan ke motherboard. Atur seting jumper sesuai petunjuk, kesalahan mengatur jumper tegangan dapat merusak prosessor.

2. Memasang Prosessor

Prosessor lebih mudah dipasang sebelum motherboard menempati casing. Cara memasang prosessor jenis socket dan slot berbeda.Jenis socket

1. Tentukan posisi pin 1 pada prosessor dan socket prosessor di motherboard, umumnya terletak di pojok yang ditandai dengan titik, segitiga atau lekukan.
2. Tegakkan posisi tuas pengunci socket untuk membuka.
3. Masukkan prosessor ke socket dengan lebih dulu menyelaraskan posisi kaki-kaki prosessor dengan lubang socket. rapatkan hingga tidak terdapat celah antara prosessor dengan socket.
4. Turunkan kembali tuas pengunci.

Jenis Slot

1. Pasang penyangga (bracket) pada dua ujung slot di motherboard sehingga posisi lubang pasak bertemu dengan lubang di motherboard
2. Masukkan pasak kemudian pengunci pasak pada lubang pasak

Selipkan card prosessor di antara kedua penahan dan tekan hingga tepat masuk ke lubang slot.

3. Memasang Heatsink

Fungsi heatsink adalah membuang panas yang dihasilkan oleh prosessor lewat konduksi panas dari prosessor ke heatsink.Untuk mengoptimalkan pemindahan panas maka heatsink harus dipasang rapat pada bagian atas prosessor dengan beberapa clip sebagai penahan sedangkan permukaan kontak pada heatsink dilapisi gen penghantar panas.Bila heatsink dilengkapi dengan fan maka konektor power pada fan dihubungkan ke konektor fan pada motherboard.

4. Memasang Modul Memori

Modul memori umumnya dipasang berurutan dari nomor socket terkecil. Urutan pemasangan dapat dilihat dari diagram motherboard.Setiap jenis modul memori yakni SIMM, DIMM dan RIMM dapat dibedakan dengan posisi lekukan pada sisi dan bawah pada modul.Cara memasang untuk tiap jenis modul memori sebagai berikut.

Jenis SIMM

1. Sesuaikan posisi lekukan pada modul dengan tonjolan pada slot.
2. Masukkan modul dengan membuat sudut miring 45 derajat terhadap slot
3. Dorong hingga modul tegak pada slot, tuas pengunci pada slot akan otomatis mengunci modul.

Perbedaan WPA PSK WPA2

Jika kita pernah menyeting wireless pada radio wireless, atau mudahnya pernah membuat jaringan ad-hoc / akses point di laptop kita pasti dalam pembuatannya sering mendapati Securty Type. Pada Security Type biasanya terdapat opsi pilihan seperti WPA, WPA2 danWPA-PSK. Lalu apa perbedaan dari tipe” jenis security tersebut ? .. saya akan berusaha menjelaskan masing” tipenya di bawah ini.

• WPA

WPA (bahasa Inggris: Wi-Fi Protected Access) adalah suatu sistem yang juga dapat diterapkan untuk mengamankan jaringan nirkabel. Metoda pengamanan dengan WPA ini diciptakan untuk melengkapi dari sistem yamg sebelumnya, yaitu WEP. Para peneliti menemukan banyak celah dan kelemahan pada infrastruktur nirkabel yang menggunakan metoda pengamanan WEP.

Sebagai pengganti dari sistem WEP, WPA mengimplementasikan layer dari IEEE, yaitu layer 802.11i. Nantinya WPA akan lebih banyak digunakan pada implementasi keamanan jaringan nirkabel. WPA didesain dan digunakan dengan alat tambahan lainnya, yaitu sebuah komputer pribadi (PC). Fungsi dari komputer pribadi ini kemudian dikenal dengan istilah authentication server, yang memberikan key yang berbeda kepada masing-masing pengguna/client dari suatu jaringan nirkabel yang menggunakan akses point sebagai media sentral komunikasi. Seperti dengan jaringan WEP, metoda enkripsi dari WPA ini juga menggunakan algoritma RC4.

Pengamanan jaringan nirkabel dengan metoda WPA ini, dapat ditandai dengan minimal ada tiga pilihan yang harus diisi administrator jaringan agar jaringan dapat beroperasi pada mode WPA ini. Ketiga menu yang harus diisi tersebut adalah:

    * Server
          o Komputer server yang dituju oleh akses point yang akan memberi otontikasi kepada client. beberapa perangkat lunak yang biasa digunakan antara lain freeRADIUS, openRADIUS dan lain-lain.

    * Port
          o Nomor port yang digunakan adalah 1812.

    * Shared Secret
          o Shared Secret adalah kunci yang akan dibagikan ke komputer dan juga kepada client secara transparant.

Setelah komputer diinstall perangkat lunak otontikasi seperti freeRADIUS, maka sertifikat yang dari server akan dibagikan kepada client. Untuk menggunakan Radius server bisa juga dengan tanpa menginstall perangkat lunak di sisi komputer client. Cara yang di gunakan adalah Web Authentication dimana User akan diarahkan ke halaman Login terlebih dahulu sebelum bisa menggunakan Jaringan Wireless. Dan Server yang menangani autentikasi adalah Radius server.

• WPA-PSK

WPA-PSK (Wi-Fi Protected Access – Pre Shared Key) adalah pengamanan jaringan nirkabel dengan menggunakan metoda WPA-PSK jika tidak ada authentikasi server yang digunakan. Dengan demikian access point dapat dijalankan dengan mode WPA  tanpa menggunakan bantuan komputer lain sebagai server. Cara mengkonfigurasikannya juga cukup sederhana. Perlu diketahui bahwa tidak semua access point akan mempunyai fasilitas yang sama dan tidak semua access point menggunakan cara yang sama dalam mendapatkan Shared-Key yang akan dibagikan ke client.

Pada access point Dlink DWL-2000AP, pemberian Shared-Key dilakukan secara manual tanpa mengetahui algoritma apa yang digunakan. Keadaan ini berbanding terbalik dengan akses point Linksys WRT54G, dimana administrator dapat memilih dari dua algoritma WPA yang disediakan, yang terdiri dari algoritma TKIP atau algoritma AES.

Setelah Shared-Key didapat, maka client yang akan bergabung dengan access point cukup memasukkan angka/kode yang diijinkan dan dikenal oleh access point. Prinsip kerja yang digunakan WPA-PSK sangat mirip dengan pengamanan jaringan nirkabel dengan menggunakan metoda Shared-Key.

• WPA2

WPA2 adalah sertifikasi produk yang tersedia melalui Wi-Fi Alliance. WPA2 Sertifikasi hanya menyatakan bahwa peralatan nirkabel yang kompatibel dengan standar IEEE 802.11i. WPA2 sertifikasi produk yang secara resmi menggantikan wired equivalent privacy (WEP) dan fitur keamanan lain yang asli standar IEEE 802.11. WPA2 tujuan dari sertifikasi adalah untuk mendukung wajib tambahan fitur keamanan standar IEEE 802.11i yang tidak sudah termasuk untuk produk-produk yang mendukung WPA.

Update WPA2/WPS IE yang mendukung WPA2 fitur berikut:

* WPA2 Enterprise IEEE 802.1X menggunakan otentikasi dan WPA2 Personal menggunakan tombol preshared (PSK).

* The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) dengan menggunakan Mode Kontra-Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)-Message Authentication Code (MAC) Protocol (CCMP) yang menyediakan kerahasiaan data, asal data otentikasi, dan integritas data untuk frame nirkabel.

* Opsional penggunaan Berpasangan Master Key (PMK) PMK oportunistik cache dan cache. Dalam PMK caching, klien nirkabel dan titik akses nirkabel cache hasil 802.1X autentikasi. Oleh karena itu, akses jauh lebih cepat ketika klien nirkabel menjelajah kembali ke titik akses nirkabel ke klien yang sudah dikonfirmasi.

* Opsional penggunaan preauthentication. Dalam preauthentication, WPA2 wireless client yang dapat melakukan otentikasi 802.1X dengan titik akses nirkabel lainnya dalam jangkauan ketika masih terhubung ke titik akses nirkabel saat ini.
Anda harus menggunakan IE WPA2/WPS Update bersama-sama dengan berikut:

* Wireless access point yang mendukung WPA2.
Jaringan Wireless adaptor yang mendukung WPA2.

* Windows XP driver adaptor jaringan nirkabel yang mendukung kemampuan berlalunya WPA2 ke Windows Wireless Auto Konfigurasi. Update IE yang WPA2/WPS memodifikasi kotak dialog berikut:

* Jika Anda tersambung ke jaringan nirkabel yang mampu WPA2, jenis jaringan yang ditampilkan sebagai WPA2 di Wireless Network Pilih Sebuah kotak dialog.

* Pada tab Asosiasi untuk properti dari jaringan nirkabel, daftar Otentikasi Jaringan memiliki opsi tambahan berikut:

o WPA2 - untuk WPA2 Enterprise
o WPA2-PSK - untuk WPA2 Personal